Quantum Computing
Introduction:
This article contains a brief note about Quantum computers how they will be made and how they work using the concept of Quantum Superpositions and Quantum Entanglement.
Before knowing about quantum computers we must know,
What is Transistor?
Each and every electronic device that we use now contains Transistor. It is also called "The Engineering Wonder or the wonder child of electronics", every device that we use now may not have existed without these Transistors. Transistors act like a switch, they allow electricity or they block electricity. We attach transistors in integrated circuits or in microchips. Today,s transistors that we use in our devices are nearly 500 times smaller than our red blood cells. Millions of Transistors are attached to the CPU of our computer. 1 is the given value if the Transistor is on and 0 is the value when it is off.
These 0s and 1s are called BITS. If a CPU contains more transistors the processing power of the CPU will be more.
From 1965 - 2013 we are able to smaller the size of the Transistor 2times once every two years. This enabled us to insert more transistors in the CPU which resulted in the development of very big computers, up to very small and fast smartwatches. But since 2013 this process became slow, we can't able to insert more transistors into the CPU so the processing speed also not increased.
Why we can't insert more Transistors?
We saw that more amount of transistors increase the processing capacity of the CPU. In an integrated circuit, if we want to insert more Transistors, we should reduce the size of it. But if we reduce the size of the Transistor to an atom level the electrons flow even when the transistor is off. This is called Quantum Tunneling.
Now comes Quantum Computing,
A new way of building a computer using the concepts of Quantum Physics is called Quantum Computer. Quantum Physics deals with the atomic world. Quantum Physics is the best example for Reality is stranger than fiction. Comparing the reality, physics in the atomic world is more different.
Now we will see about two properties of electrons in the Quantum world.
Quantum computers are made based on the concepts of Quantum Superposition and Quantum Entanglement.
Quantum Superposition: An electron can be in the state of both spinup and spindown at the same time, this is called Quantum Superposition.
Normal computers use BITS, 1 is the value while the transistor is on and 0 is the value while the transistor is off. A bit can store either 0 or 1 at a time.
Quantum computers use Qubits. If the electron spins upwards the value is 1, If the electron spins downwards the value is 0, and this is how Qubits can store both values at the same time.
How Qubits can store both values? An electron can spin both upward and downward direction before measuring. It can be in the state of both spinup and spindown at the same time. Qubits are based on the spins of electrons, hence they can store both 0 and 1 values at the same time.
Quantum Entanglement: In a Quantum world two electrons can be entangled, more specifically, there will be a connection or a relation between the two electrons, If one electron spins upwards, the other entangled electron spins downwards, likewise if one spins downwards, the other spins upwards. No matter how far these electrons are but the entanglement between them remains the same, No matter the distance between them but the reaction time between the electrons remains the same. This is called Quantum Entanglement.
So if we make a Quantum computer using based on the concepts of Quantum superposition and Quantum Entanglement, the processing power will be more powerful.
Normal and Quantum Computer's difference:
Normal Computers: If we have a set of passwords we have to type each password to check whether it is correct or not.
Quantum Computers: If we have the same set of passwords Quantum computers can analyze all passwords at the same time to find the correct one within a fraction of a second,
Likewise, if we give any problem to the computer it will analyze all the possible ways at the same time and finds the perfect solution
The processing power of a Quantum Computer is described in 2n. Here the 'n' can either Qubits or electrons or photons. The processing power of the computer depends upon the value of n.
At 220 A Quantum computer can do one million operations at the same time.
Conclusion:
So if we were able to control both Quantum Superpositions and Quantum Entanglement phenomena, our communication technology will see unimaginable growth, communications and connections can travel with the speed of light. These are base roots for the future of Quantum Technology.
Author: Jetson Samuel, Sankareskwaran.
Post a Comment